Software Piracy :: essays research papers

Programming Piracy      Software theft is the disappointment of an authorized client to hold fast to the states of a product permit or the unapproved use or multiplication of copyrighted programming by an individual or substance that has not been authorized to utilize the programming. Programming theft has become a family unit word and a family unit wrongdoing and has had an extraordinary effect on the product business. It is a difficult that can as it were be settled by the decisions of every person.      The PC programming industry is one of the extraordinary business achievement accounts of ongoing history, with sound increments in both equipment and programming deals the world over. Be that as it may, programming theft undermines the business' monetary future. As per appraises by the U.S. Programming Publisher's Relationship, as much as $7.5 billion of American programming might be illicitly duplicated and dispersed every year around the world. These duplicates fill in just as the firsts and sell for essentially less cash. Theft is moderately simple, and just the biggest rings of wholesalers are generally gotten. Moreover, programming privateers realize that they are probably not going to serve hard prison time when detainment facilities are stuffed with individuals indicted for progressively genuine wrongdoings. The product business loses more than $15.2 billion every year worldwide because of programming robbery. Programming robbery costs the business: $482 consistently $28,900 consistently $1.7 million consistently $41.6 million consistently $291.5 million consistently      To comprehend programming theft, one must get inside the psyche of the privateer. Individuals, who wouldn't consider sneaking product out of a store or ransacking a house, consistently acquire duplicates of PC programs which they haven't paid for. The privateer has a lot of reasons for his activities: costs are excessively high; the organization doesn't offer fair help; he's just going to utilize the program now and again. In spite of the fact that, what truly makes programming theft appear to be less terrible than different sorts of burglary is that nothing is genuinely taken. There is no quick impact on the stock or beneficial limit of the maker of a bit of programming in the event that somebody 500 miles away duplicates a plate and starts utilizing it.      People will in general consider property a material thing, and along these lines have a difficult time viewing a PC program as property. Be that as it may, property isn't a idea relating to issue alone. Possession is an idea which comes out of the way that individuals live by making things of significant worth for their own utilization or for exchange with others. Creation doesn't mean creation make a difference, yet rather changing the type of issue alongwith a thought and a reason. Frequently, the genuine expense of making merchandise is resolved in the creation of individual things.

Genetic Ownership :: Genes Science DNA Essays

Hereditary Ownership In the previous century, progressions in science and innovation have permitted man to additionally research his cause. Science has shown every single living thing are comprised of cells and cells contain hereditary material. Researchers before long will have the option to take hereditary material from one gathering and make their qualities in another. In doing as such, people, researchers, and society will be confronted with new difficulties regarding the proprietorship privileges of hereditary material. The accompanying will analyze moral issues of hereditary proprietorship by taking a gander at present and future uses of innovation and the moral difficulties they incite. In 1978 the study of generation detonated into open awareness with the introduction of Louise Brown, the primary infant conceived as a result of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Today utilizing IVF, a couple with ripeness issues can give their own hereditary material as sperm and eggs to a center, consolidate them to make incipient organisms, and addition the undeveloped organisms into a mother’s belly. Society acknowledges a people option to give their own hereditary material to an IVF facility and make youngsters. Today IVF is a multibillion-dollar, universal business giving solid kids to caring guardians. In 1997 another blast of open awareness happened when the Roslin Institute declared they had effectively cloned a sheep named Dolly. Dolly was not the result of sperm and eggs, rather she was a definite clone of her benefactor parent. The incipient organism of Dolly was made from hereditary material of a giver parent and embedded into a substitute mother. Dolly and her benefactor parent as of now live as the property of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, UK. As proprietor of sheep, Roslin had the option to gather hereditary material, perform examine, and in the end produce a cloned creature. Today this privilege of possession is as of now acknowledged by society. Later on, people may reserve the option to utilize their hereditary material to duplicate essential organs to be utilized as transplants for unhealthy, distorted, or harmed body parts. This procedure is called helpful cloning. Science has shown every single living thing are comprised of cells and all cells contain hereditary material. At the center of all hereditary material is an essential part of life, DNA. Basically, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) teaches cells how to isolate and develop into the living things we see each day. Each human has remarkable DNA. No two people DNA is actually similar except for indistinguishable twins.

Understanding Emotions in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Understanding Emotions in Traditional Chinese Medicine Emotions Print Emotions in Traditional Chinese Medicine By Cathy Wong Updated on February 03, 2020 Monkey Business Images / Stockbyte / Getty Images More in Psychology Emotions Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Spleen Lung Liver Heart Kidney Other TCM Conditions Using TCM View All Back To Top In traditional Chinese medicine, emotions and physical health are intimately connected. Sadness, nervous tension and anger, worry, fear, and overwork are each associated with a particular organ in the body. For example, irritability and inappropriate anger can affect the liver and result in menstrual pain, headache, redness of the face and eyes, dizziness and dry mouth. A diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine is highly individualized. Once an organ system is identified, the unique symptoms of the patient determine the practitioners treatment approach. Using the liver again as an example, breast distension, menstrual pain, and irritability during menses are treated with certain herbs and acupuncture points. Headaches, dizziness, and inappropriate anger with redness of the face point to a different type of liver pattern and is treated in a different way. What does the liver have to do with migraines? Organ systems in the traditional Asian sense may include the Western medical-physiological function, but are also part of a holistic body system. The liver, for example, ensures that energy and blood flow smoothly throughout the body. It also regulates bile secretion, stores blood, and is connected with the tendons, nails, and eyes. By understanding these connections, we can see how an eye disorder such as conjunctivitis might be due to an imbalance in the liver, or excess menstrual flow may be due to dysfunction in the livers blood-storing ability. Besides emotions, other factors such as dietary, environmental, lifestyle, and hereditary factors also contribute to the development of imbalances. Spleen Emotions: Worry, dwelling or focusing too much on a particular topic, excessive mental work.Spleen Function: Food digestion and nutrient absorption. Helps in the formation of blood and energy. Keeps blood in the blood vessels. Connected with muscles, mouth, and lips. Involved in thinking, studying, and memory.Symptoms of Spleen Imbalance: Tired, loss of appetite, mucus discharge, poor digestion, abdominal distension, loose stools or diarrhea. Weak muscles, pale lips. Bruising, excess menstrual blood flow, and other bleeding disorders.Spleen Conditions: Spleen Qi Deficiency, Spleen Qi Descending, Spleen Yang Deficiency. Lung Emotions: grief, sadness, detached.Lung Function: Respiration. Forms energy from air, and helps to distribute it throughout the body. Works with the kidney to regulate water metabolism. Important in the immune system  and resistance to viruses and bacteria. Regulates sweat glands and body hair, and provides moisture to the skin.Symptoms of Lung Imbalance: Shortness of breath and shallow breathing, sweating, fatigue, cough, frequent cold and flu, allergies, asthma, and other lung conditions. Dry skin. Depression and crying.Lung Conditions: Lung Qi Deficiency, Lung Yin Deficiency, and Cold Damp Obstructing the Lungs. Liver Emotions: Anger, resentment, frustration, irritability, bitterness, flying off the handle.Liver Function: Involved in the smooth flow of energy and blood throughout the body. Regulates bile secretion, stores blood, and is connected with the tendons, nails, and eyes.Symptoms of Liver Imbalance: Breast distension, menstrual pain, headache, irritability, inappropriate anger, dizziness, dry, red eyes and other eye conditions, tendonitis.Liver Conditions: Liver Qi Stagnation, Liver Fire. Heart Emotions: Lack of enthusiasm and vitality, mental restlessness, depression, insomnia, despair.Heart Function: Regulates the heart and blood vessels. Responsible for even and regular pulse. Influences vitality and spirit. Connected with the tongue, complexion, and arteries.Symptoms of Heart Imbalance: Insomnia, heart palpitations and irregular heartbeat, excessive dreaming, poor long-term memory, psychological disorders.Heart Conditions: Heart Yin and Heart Fire. Kidney Emotions: Fearful, weak willpower, insecure, aloof, isolated.Kidney Function: Key organ for sustaining life. Responsible for reproduction, growth and development, and maturation. Involved with lungs in water metabolism and respiration. Connected with bones, teeth, ears, and head hair.Symptoms of Kidney Imbalance: Frequent urination, urinary incontinence, night sweats, dry mouth, poor short-term memory, low back pain, ringing in the ears, hearing loss, and other ear conditions. Premature gray hair, hair loss, and osteoporosis.Kidney Conditions: Kidney Yin Deficiency and Kidney Yang Deficiency. Other TCM Conditions Blood StagnationBlood DeficiencyStomach Heat Using TCM Since symptoms of these TCM syndromes  in alternative medicine may be linked to a number of medical conditions, its important to consult your physician if you have any health concerns. Self-treating a health condition and avoiding or delaying standard care may have serious consequences.

Best Law Schools in the U.S.

Serial Killer Essay - 2790 Words

Serial Killers Serial killer: A person who attacks and kills victims one by one in a series of incidents. Why do some people kill other people? More importantly, why do some people enjoy killing lots of people just for the fun of it? This is a basic description of what a serial killer is. But what possesses these human beings to commit such heinous crimes? Some say that genetics are responsible, while others blame the environment that the killers grew up in. The causes of psychopathy remain a mystery. We don’t even have a reasonable answer to the question of whether psychopathy is a product of Mother Nature or a part of upbringing. One of the best sources of information about whether traits are a result or nature of nurture comes†¦show more content†¦These being: Animal Cruelty, Pyromania, and Bed Wetting. Torturing animals is an incredible red flag, whether you’re trying to find a killer or not. Animals are often seen as practice for killing real human beings. Jeffery Dahmer, the â€Å"Milwaukee Cannibal†, was notorious for his animal cruelty, cutting off the heads of dogs and placing them on a stick behind his house. Ed Kemper, The Co-ed Killer, buried the family cat while it was still alive, dug it up again, and then finished by cutting off its head. But not all serial killers take their angers out on pets. Dennis Nilsen, otherwise known as the â€Å"Muswell Hill Murderer† and the â€Å"Kindly Killer†, loved animals, especially his dog Bleep. Rapist torturer and murderer of eight, â€Å"Beauty Queen Killer† Christopher Wilder had made donations to Save The Whales and the Seal Rescue Fund. Nevertheless, the majority of multiple murderers have, at some point in their lives, tortured and/or killed an innocent, non-human creature. But this pain suffere d by animals is not the only warning sign out there. Oh, what ecstasy, said American serial killer Joseph Kallinger, setting fires brings to my body! What power I feel at the thought of fire! ... Oh, what pleasure, what heavenly pleasure! Pyromania, an impulse control disorder where someone constantly fails to resist the desire to deliberately start fires in order toShow MoreRelated Serial Killers Essay2514 Words   |  11 Pagesto human nature and morality than the concept of a serial killer. What is different about the brains of these individuals whom our society finds unforgivable and unredeemable predators? Society might find a biological reason for such atrocities more comfortable than the prospects of good and evil or a mistake. This paper will catalogue and attempt to organize the current biological differences between our minds and that of a serial killer. Can Biology make us Murderers? Recent reports inRead MoreEssay on Serial Killers3024 Words   |  13 PagesSerial Killers Serial killers kill because of three patterns we see develop throughout their lives. These patterns are the development of youthful characteristics and habits, abusing events in their lives, and the final push. To be qualified as a serial killer one must murder more than three victims, one at a time, in a relatively short time period. The most common serial killers are white, heterosexual, sexually frustrated, young adult males with low self-esteem. Lester BallardRead MoreSerial Killers Essay2668 Words   |  11 PagesSerial Murder The mind behind the crime! Thesis statement: Serial Murderers are not just murderers but also victims of the rotten hand they were dealt. Abstract I. Definition History A. The Most Infamous Killer B. Myth Theory 1. WereWolves 2. Vampires III. Causes A. Serial Killer Characteristics B. Theories VI. Case Studies A. Charles Manson 1. Bibliographical Info 2. Childhood Trauma B. John Wayne Gacy 1. Bibliographical Info Read MoreSerial Killers Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesSerial Killers Behavior is sometimes defined as the response of an individual, group, or species to its environment. Parents, girlfriends, sisters, brothers, and peers can all affect a persons behavior. Not everybody necessarily will have the behavior of a serial killer. In this paper, I will attempt to show the difference between the psychopath and the psychotic. Explain how the environment, upbringing, and treatment of serial killers led them to become who they are today. Most serialRead More Serial Killers Essay790 Words   |  4 Pages The nineteen-seventies was an incredible decade. It was a decade of change, one of freedom, a time for great music. It was also an incredible decade for shock, fear and serial killers. John Wayne Gacy, an amateur clown, was a pedophiliac homosexual. He tortured and killed thirty three little boys and stored their remains under his house. David Berkowitz, a.k.a. the Son of Sam, stalked New York City from nineteen-sixty-seven to nineteen-seventy-seven. He claimed to have been following a voice fromRead MoreSerial Killers Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagescommit crimes, some of them become the most dangerous criminals, known as serial killer. A serial killer is a term to describe that human being who commits series of murder. The word ‘serial killer’ was given by Robert K. Russler (FBI Investigator) in 1975 after he encountered series of murders. Serial killers are just not murderers but also the victim of bad society or the bad environment in which they grew up in. The serial killers are psychotic and mentally insane people; usually typical white malesRead More Serial Killers Essay2354 Words   |  10 Pages SERIAL KILLERS nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A serial killer is a person whom everybody knows as a friend, a lover or even a father but no one knows about his killer instinct until its to late. Serial killers have plagued this country and others for many years. They are hard to find and virtually undetectable until they start murdering the innocent. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Serial killers are usually young, white males who are quite intelligent and often come from broken homes. They mayRead More Serial Killers Essay1890 Words   |  8 PagesSerial Killers Introduction to Psychology Introduction In the past two decades, the creature known as the serial killer has captured the attention of the American culture. With the dozens of books and movies centered around serial killers the term has become a trendy catch phrase, replacing earlier terms such as homicidal maniac. Fiction and screenwriters use the term serial killers with such casual abandon that is seems the meaning of the term escapes them. Acknowledgements IRead MoreEssay Are Serial Killers Born or Made?1560 Words   |  7 PagesEvidence that was gathered from books such as â€Å"Inside the Minds of Mass Murderers† and â€Å"Inside the Minds of Serial Killers,† both written by Kathertine Ramsland, provide information and evidence that killers are in fact made, not born. Some of the reasons that people believe that killers are made and not born are due to research by many psychiatrists on serial killers and mass murderers who are on death roe that have committed some of the most heinous crimes. One argument is that there is a set ofRead MoreThe Psychology of Serial Killers Today Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual. In the case of serial killers, there has been some debate on whether the evil ones are made or born; does it happen because of a genetic factor, environmental factor, or is it simply they addicted to the feeling of slaughtering another individual’s life? Although, the most important key in finding the truth deals with the past and shapes the outcome of the future. Upon viewing in a psychological stance, there is no clear understanding of why one aspect that most serial killers share, namely psychopathy

The Ho-Chunk Nation Free Essays

Ho-Chunk Nation The Ho-Chunk Nation’s culture and beliefs have sustained them for centuries which make their tribe one of the strongest Native American Tribes in the United States today. Their tribe is made up of 7,071 members, due to the devotion of the tribe elders passing along traditions to the younger generations. Today, the Ho-Chunk Nation is a non-reservation tribe with 3,407 acres of trust land and 5,310 acres of taxable land. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ho-Chunk Nation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Tribe had to repurchase this land that they once owned from the U. S. Government. The Ho-Chunk Native Trust Lands are located in: Adams, Clark, Crawford, Dane, Eau Claire, Jackson, Juneau, La Crosse, Marathon, Monroe, Sauk, Shawano, Vernon and Wood Counties in Wisconsin and also in the State of Illinois. There are also large numbers of tribal members that live in Minneapolis, Madison, Milwaukee, and Chicago. In 1836, the Ho Chunk was removed from the choice land of southern Wisconsin to make room for the miners that were taking over the land. The area was also in demand for the lush farmland of the various river valleys. This land was taken from the Ho Chunk for nickels and dimes, and the people were forcibly removed on to Indian reservations in northeastern Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota and Nebraska. Ho-Chunk elders recall terrifying scenes of tribal members being rounded up at gunpoint and loaded into boxcars against their will. They were shipped to reservations far from the place they called home. Eventually, many Ho-Chunk refused to live on the poor reservations and returned to their homeland in Wisconsin. The native people with an ancestral lineage dating back to pre-history were first known as the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe. This name was given to them by early European explorers. In 1994, when the tribe adopted its present constitution, the Nation reclaimed their original name: Ho-Chunk or â€Å"People of the Big Voice. † The Ho-Chunk were avid hunters, gatherers and farmers. They created and became known for their raised garden beds where they grew specialized plants for food. The men hunted while the women gathered. The food consisted of corn, squash, green plants, roots, berries, making maple syrup and maple candy, venison, fresh fish, and small game. After harvest, the food storage process consisted of drying foods naturally for the long winters. As Caretakers of the land, they moved as the food source did, and during seasons providing the plant life abundant to this region. Villages moved to conserve the area’s resources. Their history of living off the land helped the Ho-Chunk develop a unique relationship with Wisconsin’s terrain. Women tanned hides, wove mats from the strong grasses near the waters’ edge, made clothing, and taught their daughters. The grandmothers and grandfathers played an important part in the instruction and rearing of children. The Dagas, or Uncles, were the disciplinarians within a family unit. There was no need for a mother or father to raise their voices, for the practice was to train the children to have such respect for a Daga. The children lived in fear of punishment from their Daga that they were well-mannered and productive children. The Ho-Chunk government provides many services to their tribe. The housing program helps with home ownership and property management. The education program has four primary school districts in Tomah, Black River Falls, Baraboo, and Wisconsin Dells. The labor program which is a certification of Indian preference for contracting and subcontracting; safety, and they provide supportive services; which helps youth employment. Health services which provide Food Distribution Program, Community Health Representatives, Community Health Nurses, At-Large Health Care, Alcohol/Drug Program, Environmental Health, Benefit Coordinators, Special Diabetes Programs for Indians and a Mental Health Program. They Also provide services for veterans and social services. Bibliography 1. Wisconsin State Tribal Relations Initiative, Ho-Chunk Nation http://witribes. wi. gov/docview. asp? docid=5638locid=57 2. Ho-Chunk Nation http://www. ho-chunknation. com/UserFiles/File/OOP/04HCN_mediakit_rtpages_ACT. pdf 3. http://www. mpm. edu/wirp/icw-52. html 4. http://www. wisconsinhistory. org/whspress/pdf/247. pdf How to cite The Ho-Chunk Nation, Papers

Marketing Strategy and Plan Tesco Plc and Woolworths

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Strategy and Planfor Tesco Plc and Woolworths. Answer: Introduction This study is helpful to identify the marketing strategies and the marketing processes of Tesco Plc and Woolworths of Australia. Both these organisations are belonging from the retailing industry. In this connection, this study has tried to provide the competitive advantage of both the organisations. In order to identify the competitive advantage of both the organisations, the business objectives of both the organisations have mentioned. In addition, in this study the importance of Ansoff matrix would be discussed, which would be benefitted to identify the growth strategy of the organisation. On the other hand, Ansoff matrix can also identify the risk for the growth strategy of the organisation. Moreover, this study is also important to identify the reasons of theoretical analysis for the achievement of the competitive advantage of both of the organisations. Competitive Advantage in the Marketing Process of Tesco Plc Business Objective: In order to identify the competitive advantage of an organisation, it is necessary to discuss the business objectives of the company. If the organisation can achieve the proposed business objectives, then it can be stated that the organisation will be able to meet the business goal. As a result, it can be mentioned that the organisation has the competitive advantage to meet the business objectives. As per the statement of Barbera et al. (2012), it can be mentioned that Tesco plc aims to increase the sale of the organic products by the amount of 1 billion to the coming five years. Moreover, it can be mentioned that Tesco Plc has the market share of 6.5% in case of the non food business. In this context, it can be added that their target is to hold a stronger position in case of the non food production. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that Tesco Plc has tried to provide a greater organisation culture, so that the employees would like to maintain long run relationship with the or ganisation and the productivity of the organisation can be improved. According to Basili et al. (2013), it can be mentioned that the human resource management can develop a team as well as individual business objectives, personal improvement planning career planning and the performance appraisal for improving the employees commitment. Competitive Advantage: According to Bentley, Omer and Sharp (2013), it can be mentioned that economies of scale is the competitive advantage of Tesco Plc. On the other hand, Tesco Plc has the competitive advantage in case of retail lower price, higher quality and the experienced consumer service. This would be helpful for developing the profitability and the growth of the organisation. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the promotion of the Tescos corporate image is depending upon the trustworthiness and the quality (Bharadwaj et al. 2013). In addition, it can be stated that another competitive advantage of Tesco is to maintain the market leadership. Therefore, the market scope of the organisation has increased. Ansoff Matrix: Market Product Existing New Existing Market penetration Enhance the business share of grocery compared to the other retailing stores expenditure. Market development Move to the store market Expand the business in the global market New New product development Financial services development Enhance the sales of the petrol Diversification Higher risk From the above table, it can be mentioned that market penetration is required to enhance the consumer loyalty. On the other hand, it can be noticed that market development is helpful to identify the business performance in case of business expansion in the global market. Therefore, Connor and Lande (2012) mentioned that these four strategies can effectively determine the relevant strategies and the sales will be increased. As a result, it can be stated that the business risk will be reduced. Competitive Advantage in the Marketing Process of Woolworths Business objectives: In the point of Haley and Haley (2013), it can be mentioned that the objectives of Woolworths is to increase the stock returns and can optimise network effectively. The strategic objectives of Woolworths are to be a consumer centric business, to be a brand value driven organisation. In addition, it can be mentioned that Woolworths also aimed to maintain a greater profitable consumer relationship as well as also aims to lower the cost structure of the products (Iacob, Quartel and Jonkers 2012). Competitive Advantage of Woolworths: As per the statement of Klettner, Clarke and Boersma (2014), it can be mentioned that the organisation has optimised the value chain across the business in order to make higher margins. In addition, it can be mentioned that the organisation has the efficient sourcing capability (PLC, 2016). Therefore, the business performance of the organisation would be improved. In addition, to increase the profitability of the business, Woolworths has aimed to set the price of the product affordable, so that the consumers are willing to purchase the products from this organisation. Ansoff Matrix: Market Product Existing New Existing Market penetration Promoting of new products Repositioning the brands Increase the market share Market development New distribution channels Woolworths has followed several pricing policies to follow new marketing segments. New New product development Develop new and innovative techniques, which can replace the existing strategy. Diversification The horizontal diversification is important for the production programme. The vertical horizontal diversification is benefitted for the sales stage storage programme (Woolworths Online. 2016). Theoretical Analysis Tesco Plc has followed a specific strategy, which can be discussed in terms of cost leadership approach and has followed every little helps strategy to achieve the competitive advantage of the organisation. In the short run, Tesco Plc has aimed to regain the stakeholders trust as well as the consumers trust. As opined by Oestreicher-Singer and Zalmanson (2012), it can be stated that Tesco Plc. has framed a significant programming for the financial development. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that in order to achieve the competitive advantage of Tesco Plc, the organisation has launched a renewal program for restoring the trust. On the other hand, it can be added that with the help of value chain analysis, the value of the organisation would be increased and the cost would be minimised (Reich and Benbasat 2013). These key factors would be helpful to achieve the competitive advantage of the organisation. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that Woolworths has followed and launched Fresh food people campaign and Loyalty scheme for the employees. Therefore, it can be stated that the subordinates of the organisation wanted to maintain a long term relationship with the organisation (Woodard et al. 2012). The performance of the workers also increased effectively. As a result, it can be stated that the overall productivity of the organisation has also improved from the previous. On the other hand, it can be added that the business objectives can be achieved. Moreover, it can be mentioned that Woolworths has started an employee reward program, which would be helpful to enhance the employee engagement of the organisation. Hence, Verbeke (2013) mentioned that the employee loyalty would be increased and this would also significantly enhance the performance of the organisation. In this context, it can be mentioned that the raw material suppliers also willing to supply as they expect they wou ld return back their share from the business. This is how, the Woolworths has achieved the business competitive advantage by following these strategies. Conclusion This study is important to identify the marketing strategy and planning of Tesco Plc and Woolworths. In this purpose, this study has tried to highlight the business objectives of both the organisations. Therefore, based on the business objectives, both the organisations have planned to follow some specific marketing strategies to achieve the business goal. On the other hand, the competitive advantages of the organisations have been discussed in this connection. Moreover, it can be stated that in this study the Ansoff matrix of each of the organisation have mentioned in order to identify the marketing growth strategy in long run. Therefore, by following this matrix, the organisation can enhance the profitability statement to reach to the new consumers. This is also helpful for the consumer segmentation. Lastly, this study has also described the process how the organisations can achieve the competitive advantage. The organisations have followed some specific strategies to achieve this. Recommendation After analyse the business objectives and the competitive advantages of the organisations, this study can follow the SWOT analysis. In this purpose, it can be recommended that SWOT analysis will be helpful to identify the weakness and threats of the organisations. Based on these, the organisations can try to improve the performance of the business more effectively. In addition, it can be mentioned that to improve the performance, the organisations require to follow the PESTLE analysis, which can identify the political, economic, social, technological, legal and the environmental factors of the organisation. These factors are important to understand as these factors have a greater influence on the performance of an organisation. References Barbera, L., Crespo, A., Viveros, P. and Stegmaier, R., 2012. Advanced model for maintenance management in a continuous improvement cycle: integration into the business strategy.International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management,3(1), pp.47-63. Basili, V.R., Heidrich, J., Lindvall, M., Mnch, J., Regardie, M., Rombach, D., Seaman, C. and Trendowicz, A., 2013. Linking software development and business strategy through measurement.arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.6224. Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.780-817. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O.A., Pavlou, P.A. and Venkatraman, N.V., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights.Mis Quarterly,37(2), pp.471-482. Connor, J.M. and Lande, R.H., 2012. Cartels as rational business strategy: crime pays. Haley, U.C. and Haley, G.T., 2013.Subsidies to Chinese Industry: State Capitalism, Business Strategy, and Trade Policy. Oxford University Press. Iacob, M.E., Quartel, D. and Jonkers, H., 2012, September. Capturing business strategy and value in enterprise architecture to support portfolio valuation. InEnterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC), 2012 IEEE 16th International(pp. 11-20). IEEE. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. and Boersma, M., 2014. The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.145-165. Oestreicher-Singer, G. and Zalmanson, L., 2012. Content or community? A digital business strategy for content providers in the social age.A Digital Business Strategy for Content Providers in the Social Age (July 01, 2012). PLC, T. (2016).Tesco PLC Employer Salary, Average Salaries | PayScale Australia. [online] Payscale.com. Available at: https://www.payscale.com/research/AU/Employer=Tesco_PLC/Salary [Accessed 5 Dec. 2016]. Reich, B.H. and Benbasat, I., 2013. 10 Measuring the Information SystemsBusiness Strategy Relationship.Strategic Information Management, p.265. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Woodard, C.J., Ramasubbu, N., Tschang, F.T. and Sambamurthy, V., 2012. Design capital and design moves: the logic of digital business strategy.Forthcoming, MIS Quarterly, Special Issue on Digital Business Strategy: Toward a Next Generation of Insights. Woolworths Online. (2016).Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 5 Dec. 2016].

3 Lessons Freelancers Learn from... Bears

3 Lessons Freelancers Learn from... Bears Things that are great about being a bear: You get a diet rich in fish, you’re big enough that most predators don’t bother you, you don’t have to have a LinkedIn Profile, and when you want to go sleep in cave for weeks at a time, nobody thinks it’s weird. Fortunately we’re not just doomed to a life as sad hairless bear-wannabes. There are things freelancers can learn from bears when it comes to managing our work-life, as assembled by Chris over at Rags to Reasonable.Lesson 1: Hibernation ModeUnless you’ve landed a really plum long-term contract or three, odds are your workstream ebbs and flows (or sometimes even dries up entirely). This means you have to know how to match your variable expenses to your variable income- make sure you know how to get your operating costs low and manageable enough to allow even your â€Å"hibernation wages† to last you until your next big paycheck.Lesson 2: Go Where the Food IsThis lesson is both obvious a nd frustrating when you’re starting out and taking every single job that comes your way. Some of them may not be as lucrative as you wanted or as relevant to your overall goals as you hoped. Still,  you take them and accept what the market has to offer since you don’t know if there will be food (i.e. work) if you hold out for something closer to your experience.Lesson 3: Filling Your Fat StoresA positive and negative of freelancing is that when it rains it pours, if you’re paid by the project and not hourly. This means you may work for a while in obscurity and then (sometimes months later!) are  rewarded with a significant check for a large portion of your work.The most valuable tip I took away from Chris’ bear-advice was to remember that check is  not disposable income; it’s not leftover, it’s not actually a reliable, regular paycheck. Make it last as long as possible by being savvy with your spending and strategic with your saving.If You’re Freelancing, Have a Plan For Your â€Å"Hibernation† SeasonIf You’re Freelancing, Have a Plan For Your â€Å"Hibernation† Season  Read More at Rags to Reasonable

Free Essays on Coincedences Lead To Consequences

Coincidences Lead to Consequences When people’s lives are determined by a â€Å"greater power† and the belief that the order of things is already decided is called fate. Some people, called fatalists, believe in this and that they have no power in determining their futures. Despite this, others believe that coincidence is the only explanation for the way their lives and others turn out. Thomas Hardy portrays chance and coincidence as having very significant roles in Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Three such coincidences were quite influential and had large effects on Tess’ future. The first was that Tess Durbeyfield’s father discovered that their family came from one of the oldest, and (at one time) one of the wealthiest families in England. Another event that takes place by mere chance in Tess’ life is when Tess slips a letter of confession underneath both her lover’s door and (by accident) his carpet, where he could not see it. The final coincidence would be the death of Tess’ father, which not only leaves Tess in a state of deprivation, but also the rest of her family including her mother and six siblings. All of these coincidences had consequences that would change Tess’ life. For the first sixteen years of her life, Tess Durbeyfield and her family lived in a middle-class situation in the town of Marlott. Since her father was a life holder of the cottage in which they lived, he out ranked the farm laborers. However, John Durbeyfield is not in good health when we meet him and he does not show much interest in working, and instead spends his time drinking. Upon returning home one evening, John meets a man named Parson Tringham who tells him that the Durbeyfield family is the â€Å"lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d’ Urbervilles, who†¦ came from Normandy with William the Conqueror† (Hardy 18). This news suddenly changes John Durbeyfield’s view on his family’s lifestyle and... Free Essays on Coincedences Lead To Consequences Free Essays on Coincedences Lead To Consequences Coincidences Lead to Consequences When people’s lives are determined by a â€Å"greater power† and the belief that the order of things is already decided is called fate. Some people, called fatalists, believe in this and that they have no power in determining their futures. Despite this, others believe that coincidence is the only explanation for the way their lives and others turn out. Thomas Hardy portrays chance and coincidence as having very significant roles in Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Three such coincidences were quite influential and had large effects on Tess’ future. The first was that Tess Durbeyfield’s father discovered that their family came from one of the oldest, and (at one time) one of the wealthiest families in England. Another event that takes place by mere chance in Tess’ life is when Tess slips a letter of confession underneath both her lover’s door and (by accident) his carpet, where he could not see it. The final coincidence would be the death of Tess’ father, which not only leaves Tess in a state of deprivation, but also the rest of her family including her mother and six siblings. All of these coincidences had consequences that would change Tess’ life. For the first sixteen years of her life, Tess Durbeyfield and her family lived in a middle-class situation in the town of Marlott. Since her father was a life holder of the cottage in which they lived, he out ranked the farm laborers. However, John Durbeyfield is not in good health when we meet him and he does not show much interest in working, and instead spends his time drinking. Upon returning home one evening, John meets a man named Parson Tringham who tells him that the Durbeyfield family is the â€Å"lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d’ Urbervilles, who†¦ came from Normandy with William the Conqueror† (Hardy 18). This news suddenly changes John Durbeyfield’s view on his family’s lifestyle and...

Art History l - Identify the difference in statues. I will upload Essay

Art History l - Identify the difference in statues. I will upload pictures of the 4 - Essay Example The Chinese characters underneath the statue also reiterate this. The garb of people behind the Buddha is that sported by Chinese noblemen of their time. The Indian statue, like those from other regions, also has distinct regional features. He is attended by what seem to be Indian gods, carrying a round distinctly Hindu mace. What is more, the statue seems to be seated atop a throne that is carried by small folk, which shows the Hindu caste system, Buddha being Brahman is carried by those belonging to lower castes, with attendants belonging to his own caste. The Japanese Buddha statue has distinct Japanese facial characteristics, with almond shaped eyes squat nose and high forehead. The attendants of this statue, who seem to be long to the royal class, are dressed elegantly in the Japanese garb, with distinct Japanese styled crowns and ornaments. With Japan being a clear fiefdom, it is no wonder that the Buddha has been shown to be attended by royalty, thus, showing his high stature as per the Japanese

Comparison and Contrast of Dispatches and Slaughterhouse Five Essay

Comparison and Contrast of Dispatches and Slaughterhouse Five - Essay Example The main similarity of both works is that they are personal stories of soldiers coming through war and battlefields. "Slaughterhouse-Five" is a personal story which reflects Vonnegut's experience in WWII. The story is unique because the author depicts events, experience, time, memories through different frames which do not connected with each other. "Dispatches" by Herr portrays a life of a war correspondent in Viet Nam. Herr mentions "What a story he told me, it took me a year to understand it" (Herr, 1991). His personal narration plays a crucial role in plot development appealing to readers through its simplicity and veracity. Both authors use colorful language means to share the atmosphere of war. For instance, Vonnegut writes: "We had been foolish virgins in the war, right at the end of childhood" (Vonnegut, 1969). Both authors depict that war changed worldviews and emotions of soldiers faced with enormous emotional burden and fears. War is depicted as the time when people feel lack of money as Billy does. Vonnegut shows that after the war-time, Billy bears in mind the importance of wealth and richness seeing the marriage with Valencia as the great opportunity to improve his financial position.

Build To Order Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay

Build To Order Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay Build-to-order Supply Chain (BOSC) is viewed by many researchers as an effective way to achieve high customer value because BOSC can fulfil an individual or a group of customers orders while maintaining low cost, cutting inventory cost, eliminating waste, and achieving short response time through flexible manufacturing and integrated logistics. BOSC is needed to support mass customization, which is the ability to make high variety and low cost products and deliver them quickly to meet the diverging needs of customers. Mass customization can be achieved by implementing modularity-based manufacturing practices, postponing production steps that determine product features and performances, and applying IT to coordinate actions and speed up final production and delivery. BOSC also emphasizes the importance of partnership with suppliers and customers, web-based technologies, and rapid transport and delivery. This research aims at the study of factors that affect built-to-order supply chain and the issues related to BOSC and what stops an organization to implement BOSC in their organization. Introduction Background Developing trends in international arena has forced many global firms to revisit their operations strategy. Their operations are moving from centralize to decentralize in order to gain markets. In order to accomplish this, companies have gone through number of changes in terms of strategies, tactics, and operation with the goal of matching the market needs. There are multiple competitive performance objectives on which companies compete today like quality, price, responsiveness, flexibility, and dependability. To achieve these objectives an efficient supply chain required in which mass production is converted into mass customization. Mass customization has become a major objective of many Fortune 500 companies (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005).The idea of mass customization is seen as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ability to use of flexible processes and organizational structures to produce varied and often individually customized products and services at the price of standardized, mass-produced alterna tivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- (Hart, 1996, p. 13). To-wards this end, firms have developed a build-to-order supply chain (BTOSC) to be flexible and responsive (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005). Due to the increasing competition in todays market every company wants to have a competitive advantage over their competitors so that they can survive in the market and make profits. BOSC is a way of providing the customer the option of mass customization and maintain low inventory which helps the company provide a variety of products to its customers without incurring huge inventory holding cost. Build-to-order supply chain (BTOSC) means a demand-driven manufacturing approach, in which the products are planned and built against to a confirmed order received from a final customer or consumer. In this supply chain, it excludes the all intermediaries, like dealers, sales companies etc., between final customer and the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) (Parry Graves, 2008). The order placement system is very sophisticated, as it takes information from forecasting system and the received orders, and then directs the suppliers according to the product ordered. All parts are not scheduled as BTOSC, but the expensive parts would schedule using BTOSC. Research Question How do factors like organizational competitiveness, Information technology, Operations and Development and Implementation affect build-to-order supply chain in an organization? Literature Review Supply Chain Design There are four types of supply chain design:- Built-to-stock The BTS supply chain gives fastest response time to the customer. The product is manufactured before receiving any kind of order. Customers order is satisfied from the retail outlet or from the stocking point of that product (Blanco, 2002). The BTS supply chain is used for low-value products, which customers consume on daily basis, like Diet Cola, Ariel Detergent, etc. And customer values immediate response for such products, so such type of products is manufactured and supplied using BTS model. We agree that the price of such goods is low, but choice of selectivity is also low. There is no room for configuration in these products (Blanco, 2002). The customer has to buy what is on the shelf. The BTS model lacks flexibility in offering choices to consumer. Some of the critical components, like aircraft components are supplied using BTS supply chain (Reeve Srinivasan, 2005). Configure-to-order The product is assembled when order is received with standard modules and components, like desktop and laptop computers. The CTO supply chain initiates on the arrival of order, than assembly of product starts from components which have already been replenished in-to the inventory (Papadakis, 2003). In this model, the customer enjoys greater final-item choices. The automobile industry is another good example. The automobile manufacturers are implementing the initial stages of CTO model with the close cooperation with their distributors and dealers. The intention is to offer customers a combination of options than normally available at the dealers showroom (Miller Wacker, 2000). But still, the customer has to wait for the vehicle until it is assembled according to the specifications. The main issue with the CTO model is how promptly customers needs are satisfied, especially how much lead time they are able to reduce from assembly to the final delivery. The North American automobile in dustry is now targeting delivery of a custom-assembled car within a week of the order being placed, compared to the multi-week window in which it operates today (Willcox, 1998; Reeve Srinivasan, 2005). Build-to-order In the BTO supply chain, the fabrication and production process start on the customer or-der. The end-item produced under BTO model in highly customized and is quite costly to manufacture. The requirements for the BTO are sketched in usual material requirement planning (MRP) structure (Fredriksson Gadde, 2005). In this model, there has to be integrative relationship between supplier and manufacturer. Once all the requirements, of the received order, are in place, the production starts to meet the specific quantities and lead times. Because BTO follows a scheduled production period so MRP activities has to be very coherent. The whole BTO supply chain has to be very closely knitted, because any disruption in material flow could delays in the delivery. That is the reason the MRP chain has to be open to changes in purchase due dates, dispatch list and customer promises. This leads to variation in the capacity of overall supply chain (Reeve Srinivasan 2005). Engineering-to-order In ETO, the supply chain starts from the design phase. This model offers us a truly customized product that requires unique drawings and parts. These products are manufactured for very specific purposes, and are very expensive to develop (Gosling Naim, 2009). The product is custom in nature which takes long lead times to develop. For this reason, the MRP system comes in play to take care of components requirements in ETO. The ETO mostly recognizes as single-lot job shop environment where prototypical processes take place. The upstream planning is often complex and varied to downstream distribution system. The transportation of finish product is often done in single units (Reeve Srinivasan, 2005). The examples for ETO products are NASA space station, high-end customized saloon, sports car, etc. Build-to-order Supply Chain BTOSC is a fusion of leanness, agility and Just-in-Time (JIT). First, we will make connection between lean, agile and JIT approaches. Lean manufacturing was first introduced by Toyota, in their Toyota Production System (TPS), and JIT was part of TPS program, and even the TPS and JIT were used interchangeably back in 1980s (Hallgren Olhager, 2009). According to Narasimhan et al. (2006), we can say production is lean if it is achieved with least amount of waste, minimal inventory and efficient operations. Lean manufacturing is all about performing operations efficiently, with the help of JIT. Because JIT helps in eliminating inventory, and delivers components and parts when they needed in assembly process (Hallgren Olhager, 2009). While agile manufacturing is about efficiently changing in response to state of uncertainty and fluctuating demands (Narasimhan et al., 2006). Sharifi Zhang (2001) stress that agility not only as responding to the change environment in quick time but also exploiting those changes and taking them as opportunity to build ad-vantage in the market. Agile manufacturing also allows introducing new products into the system, with very short lead time (Sharifi Zhang, 2001). This encapsulates these three concepts for BTOSC, and shows that BTOSC is blend of lean, JIT and agile manufacturing approaches (Hallgren Olhager, 2009). In BTOSC, the customer triggers the supply chain by placing order. This manufacturing strategy is demand-driven, where the product is planned, built and pulled through the chain. The final customer by-passes the all intermediaries, like dealers, and directly place the order to the OEM. But OEM also has to build a platform where customers can contact and confirms his/her order. It also gives flexibility to the customers to change it specifications of the confirmed order (Parry Graves, 2008). But before that the OEM has to be responsive and flexible in its operations, to fully respond to the customers demands. Here in BTOSC, its not only OEM who has to be flexible and responsive in their operations but suppliers should be totally complying with the standards of the OEM, so that they respond efficiently to customer orders. Some suppliers work closely with the OEM, where other produce parts following build-to-stock (BTS) production approach. The suppliers follow BTS produce parts like t yres, windscreen wipers and non-expensive items. Where the sup-pliers who work in close proximity with OEM provide expensive modules like engines, transmission, exhaust system, interior items etc., because such items have different variants, from where customer can choose. And that is why these suppliers follow BTOSC production approach (Parry Graves, 2008; Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005). The global arena is changing due to severe competition between companies which is forcing them to revisit their operational strategies to secure market share and improve their profit margins (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005). Particularly, BTOSC market, which is driven by mass customization and e-commerce, are putting pressure on manufacturers and retailers to shrink planning cycles, compress manufacturing lead times, and speedy distribution system (Tyan et al., 2003). Advantages Provides a level of responsiveness, cost effectiveness, and flexibility that enables companies to deliver the products that customers have chosen at the time they requested it. BOSC results in substantial cost advantages by eliminating the inventory, forecasting, expediting, and setup required to customize products or services. BOSC helps companies utilize people, machinery, and floor space more efficiently BOSC allows a manufacturer to react on time with the market and even shape the behaviour of the market. BOSC can be utilized to manufacture a low volume of products of a pre-determined high variety using a cluster of components. Disadvantages Order-processing is time consuming and costly Multiple revisions of specifications are required Delivery dates are often not met Last-minute changes take up an increasing portion of resources Production plans are often inaccurate and over-ruled Global operations create issues such as exchange rate, political stability etc. Difference between Traditional Supply Chain Management (TSCM) BOTSC Traditional Supply Chain Built to order Supply chain Marketing Push-Sell from stock Pull-build to customer order Production Fixed order line-up Customer demand focussed Logistics Mass Approach Fast, reliable, Customized Consumer Relationship Dealer Owned Shared across the extended enterprise Managing Uncertainty Finished goods inventory buffers Strategic part buffers and information management Finished Goods Inventory High Stock Control Low, condensed dealer stock levels Suppliers Long Lead Time Collaborative/ Responsive BOSC and Organizational Competitiveness While developing BOSC, it is very important to study the factors that force the company to implement BOSC supply chain. For example, Dell uses Internet as a medium for placing order and hence successful implementation of mass customization delivery products to its customers. Therefore, factors external to an organization such as economic scenario, inflation, currency fluctuation, industries policies and so forth influence the strategies of a business organization and these factors should be taken into account when developing strategies for BOSC. Economic factors Many a times, companies fail to achieve their goals because of poor strategic planning, So, it is very important for a company to be a visionary and keeping in mind the changing global environment plan its strategy or align its strategies according to the market situation and develop long term strategies. For instance, interest and currency exchanges have an impact on the economy and that in turn affects the buying capability of an individual, there is a speculation in the market and the people tend to spend less money as a result the demand decreases. People tend to buy good or commodities that very important for their living. At present we can see, the market is fluctuating, in the past few months rupee had a downfall and the companies that import products had to pay more to their foreign counterparts. When people have less money to buy goods and go for standardized products then the company can alter their supply chain accordingly. Considering the agile characteristics of the economy, a more agile organization such as BOSC would be more suitable in helping a company compete not only in terms of service quality, but also in terms of the timely fulfillment of orders. It is seen that in order to be successful the company needs to fulfill the customer requirements and provide them something better than their competitor at a reasonable price. As we all know China is a manufacturing giant which provides products at the cheapest price but the quality is also very poor. So a section of Indian society buys China products because they cant afford other company products or they buy products that are use and throw. The economic depression, stock market crash, dot.com bubble all these major global events affected the business in a big way and forced the companies to revisit their strategies and align them according to the market requirement, BOSC was an outcome of such an organizational change to meet the changing market dynamics. This indicates that when developing a companys strategies, external factors should be given very close attention, including the issue of developing BOSC. Without the support of the environment, pursuing BOSC could prove to threaten the very survival of a company. Market Forces Market forces include the nature of the market, market growth, globalization, customer demand, regulation, product/market innovation, technology and its spread, business risk, and the economy. Porters 5 forces model barriers to entry, the threat of substitution, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry among firms helps evaluate an industry whether it is profitable to enter that particular industry or not. When taking decisions regarding BOSC above factors should be taken into consideration also, the characteristics of BOSC are defined by the product portfolio, number of suppliers, information technology and automation. The generic marketing strategy options of low cost, differentiation, and focus remain the dominant strategy decision models. According to the market demand and changing market and technology requirements on the customer it is very important to strike a balance between the product variety and the production costs. Now days, the manufacturing firms are focussing a lot more to optimize their manufacturing process like six sigma, Kan Ban, Lean manufacturing, Total Quality Control, hence BOSC is one of them which helps them provide a variety of products, less inventory cost, good quality and minimum lead time. Market forces influence the infrastructure of BOSC in terms of strategic alliances, partnerships, customer relationship management, information technology and systems, performance measures and metrics. Competitive Factors Competitive forces include customers, suppliers, rivals, new entrants, and substitutes. Dell Computers was one of the first companies to implement BOSC in its system. Michael Dell started with the motive of mass customization only. His objective was to provide computers according to their requirement and latter on that model became such a success that it was adopted by giants like HP, Compaq and Gateway. BOSC gave the competitive advantage that to bring in the latest technology first because it dint have any inventory. As soon as a new technology was launched it was incorporated by Dell which gave them a competitive advantage. Global competition, advancements in technology, industry deregulation, and rising customer expectations are only a few factors that are placing unprecedented demands on business enterprises (Papazoglou et al., 2000). More research is required on the implications of factors external to the organization on the performance of BOSC in terms of costs, benefits, and customer service. The following are the major factors of competitive success: innovation, new products, cost, quality, speed, and the ability to attract customers (Kraemer and Dedrick, 2002). These factors are to be embedded in BOSC in various forms with the ultimate objective of meeting the requirements of individual customers on time and in a cost-effective manner. Developing and Implementing BOSC Developing and implementing BOSC includes designing products and coming up with a procurement process, developing partnerships and a virtual supply chain, and managing logistics. This is an important area in which numerous medium to long-term decisions are made, and their impact on the performance of BOSC is significant. Design and Procurement In BOSC, the production system needs to be flexible and responsive enough to meet the requirements of an individual. Reducing the time in product design, efficient procuring of raw material are important issues to be dealt with to meet the requirements of customers and be responsive. Efficient procuring of raw material is only possible when the organization has a good supplier relationship and their support helps to operated nearly on no work in progress inventory. Strategies like BOSC can be well implemented if both the supplier and the organization have a good IT infrastructure or our linked through ERP like SAP or e-procurement software. It makes the conversation between the company and its peers very simple and efficient and procurement becomes a simple exercise. When an organization deals in products of high variety like in any automobile industry, demand forecasting and inventory management and meet customer requirements becomes a very difficult task, in these industries BOSC management should be the best alternative to survive in the market and make profits. Development of partnerships and supplies It is important to develop partnerships on an OEMs core competency in order to develop BOSC. For example, in automobile industry, organization has suppliers for different parts required to manufacture a car. So the organization outsources the delivery of the parts to the suppliers which are the best in that business. So, the company doesnt have to compromise on quality. Logistics Logistics involves transportation, consolidation and warehousing. Now days, the companies extensively utilize third party logistics (3PL) and fourth party logistics (4PL) which include companies like FedEx, Blue Dart ,UPS, DHL etc. 3PL is the management of logistic services beyond transportation. This might include storage, shipment and value-added services as well as the use of subcontractors. 4PL is the integration of all companies involved along the supply chain. 4PL is the planning, steering, and controlling of all logistic procedures (including flows of information, material, and capital) by one service provider with long-term strategic objectives. UPS World Wide Logistics employed a 4PL business model. Implementation Implementation involves putting the plan for BOSC into action. BOSC needs to be constructed based on the design and procurement of products and plans to establish partnerships, a virtual supply chain, and logistics. This requires the setting up of an implementation team, a time scale for the project, and evaluating the performance of the process of implementing BOSC. BOSC and Operations Planning/Forecasting In recent years, companies have started recognizing the trade-off between the variety of products and supply chain performance, more the variety of products the more it is difficult to forecast the demand trend in the market and on that basis carry out the production plan of the organization. Organizations have started doing modern forecasting techniques to meet the demand of the customers and have a production plan to meet that demand. When the forecasting or the demand pattern is received from the sales and marketing department to the manufacturing department, the planning is done on that basis. A Master Planning Schedule is prepared follows that is the Bill of material which lists downs the raw material required for the production. The other factor that may alter the forecasting is the bullwhip effect. If there is one manufacturer and one supplier then the bullwhip effect can be ruled out but that is practically not possible. BOSC planning and execution involve managing partnering firms that are dispersed all over the globe. It is to be noted that the objective of partnering firms in BOSC should be incorporated in the planning. Although BOSC is based on customer orders, partnering firms or suppliers need to know the forecast of the demand for parts and components. A decision support system would enable strategic, tactical, and operational decision making in supply chains that will be helpful in BOSC. This can include a modelling infrastructure comprised of a library of carefully designed generic objects for modelling elements of BOSC and dynamic interactions among these elements (Biswas and Narahari, 2004). Although BOSC is a MTO system, there is a need for the aggregate forecasting of demand for the final products for 1-2 years. This information could be transmitted to suppliers to allow them to make available the required components and services at the right volume and at the right time. BOSC and Information Technology Internet, ERP and E-commerce Information technologies such as EDI, the Internet, the WWW, ERP, and RFID facilitate the integration of customers and suppliers or partnering firms along supply networks. Since suppliers or partnering firms are geographically dispersed, an effective communication system that is a real-time system is necessary. BOSC requires a system that can keep track of all orders and is well connected with supplier firms. Since most orders will be received online, high-speed Internet connectivity is required to allow customers to check products and place orders with complete confidence. Information managers are responsible for identifying a suitable ERP system, including developing an ecommerce enabled customer-order system to facilitate the exchange of customer requirements in real-time and also to communicate with suppliers on components and other support services such as logistics. Information system managers should work with other company managers to select a suitable ERP system and/or e-comm erce system based on their companys business model, which includes the integration of the OEMs system with those of partnering firms along the BOSC. The integration of the link between customers and suppliers is essential for BOSC. These can be achieved by suitably aligning the information system with the business model of BOSC. Research Methodology Sources of Primary Data Analysis of Primary Data Findings Conclusion

Fraud Invalidates a Contract

Week Four Assignment By: Kelly Sciberras November 25, 2012 DeVry University Business Law – BUSN420 ? Week Four Assignment As our textbook explains fraud invalidates a contract. â€Å"The presence of fraud affects the authenticity of the innocent party’s consent to a contract. When an innocent party is fraudulently induced to enter into a contract, the contract usually can be avoided because she or he has not voluntarily consented to the terms. Normally, the innocent party can either cancel the contract and be restored to her or his original position or enforce the contract and seek damages for harms resulting from the fraud (Miller 281). Generally, fraudulent misrepresentation refers only to misrepresentation that is consciously false and is intended to mislead another. Typically, fraud involves three elements; a misrepresentation of a material fact must occur, secondly there must be intent to deceive, and lastly the innocent party must justifiably rely on the misrepre sentation. To collect damages, a party must have been harmed as a result of the misrepresentation. Fraudulent misrepresentation can also occur in the online environment.Undue Influence and Duress Undue influence arises from relationships in which one party can greatly influence another party, thus overcoming that party’s free will. A contract entered into under excessive or undue influence lacks voluntary consent and is therefore voidable. The essential feature of undue influence is that the party being taken advantage of does not, in reality, exercise free will in entering into a contract. It is not enough that a person is elderly or suffers from some mental or physical impairment.There must be clear and convincing evidence that the person did not act out of her or his free will Miller explains. Forcing a party to enter into a contract because of the fear created by threats is referred to as duress. In addition, blackmail or extortion to induce consent to a contract constitu tes duress. Generally, for duress to occur, the threatened act must be wrongful or illegal. Threatening to exercise a legal right, such as the right to sue someone, ordinarily is not illegal and usually does not constitute duress.Duress is both a defense to the enforcement of a contract and a ground for rescission of a contract. Therefore, a party who signs a contract under duress can choose to carry out the contract or to avoid the entire transaction. (The wronged party usually has this choice in cases in which consent is not voluntary. ) Economic need generally is not sufficient to constitute duress, even when one party exacts a very high price for an item the other party needs. If the party exacting the price also creates the need, however, economic duress may be found (Miller 286-287).Examples of undue influence and duress can been seen in various types of relationships in which one party may dominate another party, thus unfairly influencing him or her. Minors and elderly people , for example, are often under the influence of guardians. If a guardian induces a young or elderly ward to enter into a contract that benefits the guardian, the guardian may have exerted undue influence. Undue influence can arise from a number of confidential or fiduciary relationships, including attorney-client, physician-patient, guardian-ward, parent-child, husband-wife, and trustee-beneficiary (Miller 286).Damages and Equitable Remedies There are basically four broad categories of damages; compensatory damages which are intended to cover direct losses and costs, consequential damages which cover indirect and foreseeable losses, punitive damages are supposed to punish and deter wrongdoing, and nominal damages which recognize wrongdoing when no monetary loss is shown (Miller 323). Our textbook discusses how there are times when damages are an inadequate remedy for a breach of contract.In these situations, the non-breaching party may ask the court for an equitable remedy. Equitabl e remedies include rescission and restitution, specific performance, and reformation. Restitution is an equitable remedy under which a person is restored to his or her original position prior to loss or injury, or placed in the position he or she would have been in had the breach not occurred. Specific Performance is an equitable remedy requiring exactly the performance that was specified in a contract; usually granted only when monetary damages would be an inadequate emedy and the subject matter of the contract is unique (for example, real property). Reformation is an equitable remedy used when the parties have imperfectly expressed their agreement in writing. Reformation allows a court to rewrite the contract to reflect the parties’ true intentions. Courts order reformation most often when fraud or mutual mistake is present. ? References Miller, Jentz. Business Law Today: Comprehensive, 9th Edition. South Western Educational Publishing, 01/2011. .

Life in the Past and Life Now-Comparison.

Life in the past and life now-comparison. Over the last century, there have been many significant changes in the way we live. Obviously, it is hard to compare the life of the ancient people and the life of the people of the twenty first century because so many changes have occurred. However, even the changes that have taken place over the last ten years are amazing. To start with, people were not able to travel such long distances in such short period of time. The planes were not that popular then because they used to be a very expensive means of transport.Nowadays, we have become very mobile. We have fast and comfortable cars and more and more people also travel by plane. Moreover, in the past people had to work much harder as they did not have tools which made their work easier. Today, most of the difficult and dangerous work is done by computers and other machines. In the past the conditions of living were not as comfortable as they are now. There were not bathrooms and running wa ter in many houses, besides many people could not afford household appliances like fridge, TV set or vacuum cleaner because they used to be luxurious goods.Another difference between living now and in the past is the fact that nowadays the access to education is much easier. In the past, there were fewer schools and the quality of the education they provided was much poorer. Besides, nowadays it is much easier to find the educational materials that you need thanks to the Internet. Another difference is that in the past there were not that many sources of entertainment. Therefore people used to spend more time with their friends.All things considering, it is an obvious conclusion that life has changed significantly in the last couple of years. It is definitely much easier now however, it is not easy to decide whether it is also better. The scientific achievements and technological progress are amazing. We still create new inventions which simplify our lives. On the other hand, howeve r, life now is much faster and busier than it used to be in the past. Moreover, it has also become more dangerous. The standard of living has definitely improved but it can be discussed whether the quality of our lives is also better. Life in the Past and Life Now-Comparison. Life in the past and life now-comparison. Over the last century, there have been many significant changes in the way we live. Obviously, it is hard to compare the life of the ancient people and the life of the people of the twenty first century because so many changes have occurred. However, even the changes that have taken place over the last ten years are amazing. To start with, people were not able to travel such long distances in such short period of time. The planes were not that popular then because they used to be a very expensive means of transport.Nowadays, we have become very mobile. We have fast and comfortable cars and more and more people also travel by plane. Moreover, in the past people had to work much harder as they did not have tools which made their work easier. Today, most of the difficult and dangerous work is done by computers and other machines. In the past the conditions of living were not as comfortable as they are now. There were not bathrooms and running wa ter in many houses, besides many people could not afford household appliances like fridge, TV set or vacuum cleaner because they used to be luxurious goods.Another difference between living now and in the past is the fact that nowadays the access to education is much easier. In the past, there were fewer schools and the quality of the education they provided was much poorer. Besides, nowadays it is much easier to find the educational materials that you need thanks to the Internet. Another difference is that in the past there were not that many sources of entertainment. Therefore people used to spend more time with their friends.All things considering, it is an obvious conclusion that life has changed significantly in the last couple of years. It is definitely much easier now however, it is not easy to decide whether it is also better. The scientific achievements and technological progress are amazing. We still create new inventions which simplify our lives. On the other hand, howeve r, life now is much faster and busier than it used to be in the past. Moreover, it has also become more dangerous. The standard of living has definitely improved but it can be discussed whether the quality of our lives is also better.

My General Observation Of The Kennon Family - 853 Words

My general observation of the Kennon family is that there is a lot of alcohol substance abuse that has weaved its way throughout our family, I am not sure if it is due to poverty and or depression or a little of both but it is very prominent that this is a prevalent problem within my family. Along with substance abuse there is a lot of physical and mental abuse and I believe this factor is due to lack of education and or the lack of self-esteem, although physical abuse is apparent within my family, they abused do not stay with there abuser for longer than 15 years. I know that this is a long time for a person but when you feel you have no way out, sometimes you just stick it out and hope that it gets better. The last main observation I made is that marriage is not really prevalent within my family, mostly single mothers, and I am not sure what to attribute that too. Underlying theme- Alcoholism Alcohol use disorders is one of the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide and rank high as a cause of dis- ability burden in most regions of the world. In 2003, the prevalence of alcohol use disorders was estimated at 1.7% globally, and these disorders accounted for 1.4% of the total world disease burden. (Grant et al., 2004, p. 223) â€Å"Children of alcoholics, or â€Å"COAs† as they are called—are more likely than children from homes without such problems to develop serious problems of their own† such as, children of alcoholics (COAs) are four times more likely than non-COAs to develop