Experiment 6 Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Experiment 6 - Lab Report Example The small cost of iron nanoparticles and their ability to reduce toxic contaminants into non-toxic iron hydroxide products make iron nanoparticles application techniques preferential. I addition their installation are simple and require minimal maintenance and react with a diverse range of contaminants. The delivery method of these nanoparticle based applications are also diverse in nature and therefore can be used in dealing with many forms of contaminants either of differing concentrations or chemical and physical characteristics. From previous research, it has been observed that iron nanoparticles cause a significant reduction in the concentration of contaminants. The aim of this experiment is to analyze the change in concentration of indigo carmine dye in its reaction with iron nanoparticles. Dyes are common pollutants though not frequently recognized. From figure 1, the concentration of indigo carmine dye is observed to be relatively constant before the addition of iron nanoparticles. There is little or rather insignificant change in the concentration of indigo carmine dye before nanoparticles are introduced into the solution. From the first analysis, it was determined that the rate of change in concentration of dye in the first 60 seconds can be calculated as 0.00591 M/s. The overall change in concentration is 0.35443M. The second analysis using 0.105nm of iron nanoparticle gave a rate of change in dye concentration of0.0091M/s in the first minute with an overall change in concentration of 0.548M. Figure 2 shows a negative correlation between the changes in concentration of dye with time on addition of iron nanoparticles. The same observation was made in figure 3 where 0.42nm iron nanoparticles were used. From table 1, it is observed that the fastest rate (0.0091) in removal of dye from the solution was obtained with 0. 105 nm of iron nanoparticles. This could be contrary to expectations as 0.04nm iron particles should have

Marketing plan for Speedo in the U.K market Assignment

Marketing plan for Speedo in the U.K market - Assignment Example In relation to the study the company which has been selected is Speedo International Limited (Speedo) as a world’s top selling swimwear brand. The heritage of the brand derives from its leadership in swimming where Olympic Gold Medals has been won by swimmers who wore Speedo swimwear. Speedo is a manufacturer as well as the distributor of swim wear and accessories related to swimwear. The company was founded in Sydney near Bondi Beach in Australia in the year 1928. In today’s date the company is a subsidiary of Pent land Group Plc. The brand is known for its innovation in the past and continues to be innovative. Some of the examples of its innovation are such as; Speedo has introduced the racer back suit, the first non wool suit which allows greater freedom of motion. It was the first innovation made by the brand in 1920s and since then the brand has lived up to the expectation of the people, investors, customers and all other related people. It continued its process of innovation in swimwear. In the year 1950 the brand had introduced its first water short which was made of Nylon, again in 1970s it launched swimwear made of Nylon as well as Elastane. In 1994 the brand manufactured first chlorine resistance fabric followed by fast skin swimsuit in 2000. 2008 marked a new era when Speedo’s new LZR racer Elite which was led by Michael Phelps broke all the records and won eight gold medals in the Beijing Olympics. Thus Speedo has been a true innovator and has acquired a real position in the minds of the target customers. The marketing plan conducted on Speedo aims to understand the marketing plan conducted by Speedo for three years in the UK market. The marketing plan would take into consideration factors such as micro and macro environmental factors which would help to know the internal and external driving forces. The SWOT and TOWS matrix would help the company analysis its strength, weakness, opportunities and threat and link each factor wit h one another. Apart from the above factors the marketing plan would take care of the marketing mix based on UK and how to make Speedo the top most company in UK and parts of UK. The marketing strategies which are utilized by the company have also been discussed. Thus the paper holds on to the marketing plan of Speedo in the UK market particularly in two markets, Birmingham and Liverpool. Environmental Appraisal The environment appraisal would take into consideration the micro environment and the macro environment which are necessary for analyzing the environment and accordingly the organization can act to bring in about the changes required for an effective operation. The environmental appraisal is much more effective in case when the organization decides on setting up its business in other countries, when the organization tends to adopt the expansion plan. Speedo is based on USA and is planning to expand in UK, thus the macro environment will be based on UK. Figure 1: Micro and Ma cro Environment (Source: Trehan & Trehan, p.7) Organizational Environment The organizational environment consists of the products and services offered by the organization, finance, marketing, production, the organizational structure, management style and location are the

Material Weakness And Significant Deficiency Accounting Essay

Material Weakness And Significant Deficiency Accounting Essay Auditing Standard number 5, as outlined by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, creates guidelines regarding the manner in which an auditor should approach an audit of a companys managements assessment of that companys internal controls over financial reporting, as well as an audit of that companys financial statements. Of particular note are the Standards outlines of the top-down approach in which an auditor is expected to work his or her way down in testing controls from the most broad level to the most specific, and the Standards definitions of material weaknesses and significant deficiencies. Understanding these concepts is key to understanding the Standard, and thus, essential in performing audits on internal controls over financial reporting and on financial statements. Top-Down Approach Using a top down approach to choose which controls to test regarding an audit of internal control over financial reporting calls for the auditor to begin with the most broad controls, and make his or her way down to the most detailed and specific controls. It is important for the auditor to test these internal controls, as many companies may attempt to ignore certain regulations, or in some cases, not correctly understand or employ them. Internal controls on the financial statement level are the first to undergo scrutiny, followed by entity-level controls, and then significant accounts and disclosures as well as their relevant assertions. The top down approach is utilized to allow for the auditors focus on potential mistreatments of accounts disclosures, and assertions. The top down approach begins with examining the financial statement level, understanding the risks to internal control over financial reporting, and evaluating whether these controls are satisfactory. Once the controls on the financial statement level are tested, the auditor may move to identify and examine entity-level controls. Entity level controls are narrower and more complex than controls on the financial statement level, and include a number of different controls such as controls over management override, risk assessment processes, and controls over financial reporting processes, among others. The auditor must scrutinize the procedures used for each entity level control and determine whether there may be issues with these control procedures. For example, the auditor must examine the procedures used by the company to produce its annual and quarterly financial statements. After an auditor scrutinizes the internal controls on the entity level, he or she should switch focus to significant accounts and their disclosures, as well as their relevant assertions, which include any assertions made by the companys management that have a reasonable possibility of having a misstatement that may cause a material misstatement in the companys financial statements. The auditor is expected to identify the relevant accounts, and then assess the risk factors connected with these accounts. A good deal of the identification process involves the auditors understanding of what could cause potential misstatements. As such, the auditor is expected to perform walkthroughs, in which he or she closely follows a particular transaction through the companys complete process. Walkthroughs are also suggested to be performed in combination with other methods of scrutiny, such as observation and questioning during their process. In selecting which controls to test, it is important for the auditor to consider which ones will have a potential risk of misstatement, and have a significant effect on the auditors conclusion of such. Material Weakness vs. Significant Deficiency In understanding the difference between a material weakness and a significant deficiency, it is important to first understand what a deficiency is. Deficiencies can exist in both design and operation, and they disallow employees from preventing, or in some cases, identifying financial misstatements. Material weaknesses exist when there is a reasonable possibility that a misstatement will occur as a result of one or more deficiencies. A significant deficiency, although less severe than a material weakness, occurs when a deficiency in internal control over financial reporting is worth looking at as a potential cause of future misstatement. There are many indicators of material weakness outlined by the Standard that help to serve an auditor in identifying such weaknesses. These indicators include the identification of fraud practices by senior management, restatements of financial statements that appear to correct misstatement, misstatement of current financial statements, and ineffective oversight of internal controls by the companys audit committee. In addition, the auditor is expected to take steps in reporting material weaknesses as well as significant deficiencies in a companys internal controls over financial reporting. Both material weaknesses and significant deficiencies must be communicated to the audit committee in writing; however, while all material weaknesses must be identified, the auditor is not obligated to report any significant deficiencies that he or she is not aware of. Moreover, both material weaknesses and significant deficiencies must be reported to management of the company being audited, with less importance given to significant deficiencies than to material weaknesses in the write-up. The guidelines created by Auditing Standard number 5 help to establish a standard by which auditors must abide, and helps them through the process of auditing a companys internal controls over financial reporting and that companys financial statements. The top down approach creates a systematic process by which auditors can zero in on potential mistreatments of accounts disclosures, and assertions. Understanding material weaknesses and significant deficiencies is imperative in the process of identifying and reporting such mistreatments and misstatements.

Carbohydrates :: essays research papers

There are three principal kinds of carbohydrates and each are classified according to the number of sugar molecules they contain. Monosaccharides, such as ribose, glucose, and fructose, contain only one sugar molecule. Disaccharides consist of two sugar molecules linked covalently. Familiar examples are sucrose (table sugar), maltose (malt sugar), and lactose (milk sugar). Polysaccharides, such as cellulose and starch, contain many sugar molecules linked together. Monosaccharides are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They can be described by the chemical formula (CH2O)n, where n may be as small as 3 or as large as 8. They are characterized by hydroxyl groups and an aldehyde or ketone group. These functional groups make sugars highly soluble in aqueous solution. In solution the aldehyde or ketone group has a tendency to react with one of the hydroxyl groups, producing a ring structure. The alpha glucose, which is the base of many polymers, is an energy source in organisms. Although glucose is the common transport sugar for vertebrates, sugars are often transported in other organisms as disaccharides. Sucrose, commonly called cane sugar, is the form in which sugar is transported in plants from the photosynthetic cells to other parts of the plant body. Sucrose is composed of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. In the synthesis of a disaccharide molecule from two monosaccharides, a molecule of water is removed in the process of forming the new bond between the two monosaccharides. This type of chemical reaction, which occurs in the synthesis of most organic polymers from their subunits, is known as condensation. When a disaccharide is split into its monosaccharide units, which happens when it is used as an energy source, the molecule of water is added again. This process is called hydrolysis. Polysaccharides are made up of monosaccharides linked together in long chains. Some of them are storage forms of sugar.

Web Conferencing Programs

Corporate Memos Dawn Cramer Technical Writing Fundamentals January 14, 2013 Nancy Delain MEMORANDUM Date: January 14, 2013 To: Manager From: Dawn Cramer Subject: Web Conferencing Programs Earlier you asked me to research web conferencing programs in order to hold weekly status meetings. I have found several programs that will work but based on my findings I believe that the best choice would be Infinite Conferencing. The following points summarizes why I chose this program. 1. The number of participants that can be accommodated is 1,000.The ability to transfer files and record the meetings. No required installation to take up memory as well as specific application control and user authentication. 2. The cost is very low and there is remote and IT support as well as Email and instant chat support. There are two types of manuals available either an online manual or a PDF manual. | Infinite Conferencing| InterCall| ClickMeeting| Ready Talk| Adobe Connect Pro| Monthly Price| $35. 00| $42 . 00| $10. 00| $49. 00| $55. 00| No Required Installation | yes| no| yes| yes| Yes| 128-Bit AES Encryption| yes| yes| no| yes| yes|Maximum Web Attendees | 1000| 125| 1000| 25| 50| File Transfer| yes| yes| yes| yes| Yes| Record Meetings| yes| yes| yes| yes| yes| Support| yes| yes| yes| yes| yes| Online/PDF Manuals | yes| yes| yes| yes| yes| The reason that I did not choose InterCall is because the maximum web attendee is only 125 and they require an installation. Another reason I did not chose this program is because the cost is higher. The reason I did not choose ClickMeeting is because there is no encryption to protect company information even though the cost is much lower.The reason I did not choose Ready Talk is because the maximum web attendee is only 25 people and the cost is even higher. These are the same reasons that I did not choose Adobe Connect Pro even with the maximum web attendee at 50 people. References: Infinite. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. infiniteconferenc ing. com/services/web_conferencing. php Find the Best. (2013). Retrieved from http://web-conferencing. findthebest. com/ Tech Media network. (2013). Top Ten Reviews. Retrieved from http://web-conferencing-services. toptenreviews. com/

African American Social Standings Essay

The progression of African Americans in America began with a practice called slavery. Slavery is the state of a person who is the chattel of another. It began in 1441 when Portuguese men kidnapped 12 black Africans from Cabo Blanco and moved them to Portugal. This opened the door to slavery in the Americas. A British statesman stated that â€Å"Slavery is a weed that grows on every soil. † The first African Americans slaves in America were brought to Jamestown, Virginia as servants and or slaves in August 1619. In order for slavery to work Africans had to made to seem inferior, one of the main an most common ways to show this was through religious racism ( Aretha, David pg. 21 ) The practice of slavery was then sent to the south were they were put on plantations. Plantations consisted of a large mansion like home surrounded by a large farm where slaves planted and harvested crops and performed other jobs which they weren’t paid for. While on the plantation the slaves called the owner Master or Mistress, they provided the slaves with food housing and clothing. ( David Brion Davis, World Book online†¦ Slavery) While on these plantations many of the slaves faced severe consequence for disobedience. They received consequences for not working hard or fast enough, they would also be used as an example in order to control the others. Their harsh punishment would include branding, whipping, mutilation, chaining and sometimes the harshest punishment of all cold blooded murder. Slavery was one of the worst periods in American history. During this period of slavery there were few revolts but many runaways. While slavery continued to spread and get more brutal in the South, the North disagreed with the idea of free labor. Their difference fueled the abolitionist movement. The Abolitionist Movement was the first movement that lead to the African Americans’ political and physical freedoms from slavery. â€Å"Antislavery activity began in colonial days. During the 1680’s, Quakers in Pennsylvania condemned slavery on moral grounds. In the late 1700’s, several leaders of the American revolutionary movement, including Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, spoke out against slavery. † (David Herbert Donald, World Book Online? Abolitionist Movement). During the start of the movement there were almost no public newspaper that publicized the abolishment of slavery. William Lloyd Garrison, an American journalist and abolitionist who became famous in the 1830 for denouncing slavery, published the first issue of his abolitionist newspaper The Liberator January 1st 1831, which was at that time the first Abolitionist newspaper. The reason William Garrison published the newspaper was because he was tired of the other methods that many abolitionists had tried. Garrison said slavery should be ended immediately. Another front runner during the Abolitionist Movement was Sojourner Truth. She was an ex-slave and also one of the main figures in the fight for women’s rights and equality. On January 1, 1863, the Abolitionist goals were reached when President Abraham Lincoln the 16th president issued his Emancipation Proclamation. It read that â€Å"all persons held as slaves† in rebellious states â€Å"are and henceforward shall be free† (McPherson, James M. World Book Online? Emancipation Proclamation. ) . Around the same time Congress passed the 25th Amendment into Constitution which therefore abolished slavery. Months later it was ratified. Following the Emancipation Proclamation, The North (union) and the South (confederate) began a civil war which lasted from 1861 to 1865. The war ended with many of the major cities in the South in ruins and most of the Northern cities left untouched. The Reconstruction period in the U. S followed the Unions victory over the Confederate Army in the civil war . The period was used to rebuild the south and patch-up the relationship between the North and South. Along with rebuilding and patching up relationships, the North sent teachers to the south to educated the African American ex slaves who had became newly members of the society. The teachers taught ex slaves reading, writing an arithmetic. The Reconstruction Act called for a new Constitution to be established in each state. It also gave Freedmen the right to participate in voting. The 14th Amendment was also passed and ratified during the Reconstruction period. â€Å"The 14th Amendment granted full citizenship to all people born or naturalized In the United States of America . Many of the laws passed during this period were set in place to protect the rights of former slaves, such as allowing blacks to vote an giving them many of the same rights as whites and protecting things dear to them such as property and money. During this period many advancements in society were made by African Americans, such as the Self-Leveling Table created by Charles William Allen , the corn planter check rower by Ralph W. Alexander and the spark plug by Edmond Berger these are only three of the more than 200 inventions/advancements made by African Americans during the reconstruction period. These African Americans, lead professions even when high limitations were placed upon them. (Aretha, David pg. 61) Advancements like these opened the door and let people know that African Americans were not incompetent but could actually make a difference in the world. Even though laws were set in place many southern whites still did not want to think an ex-slaves as anything close to equals. This lead to much violence and death of both whites and former slaves. â€Å"In time, southern whites regained control of their state governments and took away many of the rights that blacks had won during reconstruction. â€Å"( Stephen V. Ash, Work book online? Reconstruction). After the Reconstruction period ended and the North soldiers returned back home, which left ex slaves with no form of protection lead to extreme backlash against the African American community by whites. Following the Reconstruction period Jim Crow laws came into effect. Jim Crow laws resulted from the support southern whites and their effort to maintain segregation of blacks. These type of laws plagued the United States during the 19th century. The first type of Jim Crow law was set in place in Tennessee which called for the separation of African-American and white riders on the railway. This practice was soon adopted by other southern states. The spread of segregation laws through the South was supported by a many Supreme Court decisions. â€Å"( Joe R. Freagin, World Book online? Segregation) The Separate but Equal Doctrine arose during the period in which Jim Crow laws were on a rise. The Separate but Equal Doctrine stated that African Americans were equal to whites but should be kept separate from whites. The separate but equal doctrine was totally incorrect. For example Blacks and whites were separated in schools but the white schools had busing an the best books and teachers on the other hand the black schools had run down classrooms and unacceptable books. Blacks and whites were also separated in eateries, the White restaurants had the best locations and best accommodations on the contrary the black restaurants were small and modest. â€Å"Most of these Jim Crow laws were declared invalid by several Supreme Court decisions in the 1950’s and 1960’s and by the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968. † ( Alton Hornsby, World Book Online? Jim crow) During the 1950’s the Civil Rights Movement took flight along with desegregation. The Civil Rights Movement was just that a movement towards civil rights which were stated to be â€Å"The freedoms and rights that a person may have as a member of a community, state, or nation. † (Bruce Allen Murphy, World Book Online? Civil Rights) The first major event of the civil rights movement was the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown vs. Board of Education, which desegregated public schools across the nation. Schools in the south were very slow in changing their ways and violence usually erupted when black students tried to register. Then, in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, a seamstress named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus. After she was arrested for breaking the law, the Montgomery Bus Boycott began, For 382 days, from Dec. 5, 1955, to Dec. 20, 1956 blacks refused to ride Buses and carpooled to destinations. It ended Dec 20, 1956 with the Supreme-Court-ordering desegregation of Montgomery buses. The boycott brought fame to a reverend named Dr. Martin Luther King. During the Civil Rights Movement the most effective way to get things done many believed was through non violence. Non violence was not just a way of acting but a state of mind and doctrine which Martin Luther King Jr. took from Mahatma Gandhi he stated that with non violence you can move mountains. Some methods they used to get their point across were sit ins, boycotts, marches and public speeches. Although many activist believed in non violence there was another side to the Civil Rights Movement and that was the Black Power Movement. The Black Power Movement was a more radical movement than the Non Violent Movement. Front runners like Malcolm X and other influential faces such as Huey P. Newton and Bud Siegel who together formed the Black Panthers all believed that the white man was the problem and that in order to win equal rights that African Americans needed to start fighting fire with fire and bullets with bullets instead of the more passive ways of Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. ( Aretha, Chronicles pr. 261-300) In conclusion I believe that the law has provided African Americans with equal rights as whites but I believe that they may still appear not to be equal. In the 21st century I believe and know that there are many laws that seem to make African Americans and white equals but there is still much discrimination in the world. I also believe that the racism is not as bad but still exist, it just isn’t as blatant and in your face as it was in the past. African Americans still have trouble getting jobs, being accepted into organizations and colleges or university, But I do believe that we have made a 900 degree turn from the time where â€Å"Colored† and â€Å"White† signs decorated the front of every doorway, restroom and waterfountian in the southern U. S.